{"id":31172,"date":"2022-10-03T16:31:17","date_gmt":"2022-10-03T14:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hellocare.com\/blog\/?p=31172"},"modified":"2025-12-05T10:15:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T09:15:18","slug":"virus-bacteries-microbes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hellocare.com\/blog\/virus-bacteries-microbes\/","title":{"rendered":"Virus, bact\u00e9ries, microbes… comment faire la diff\u00e9rence ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

D<\/b><\/span>epuis la crise sanitaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 la Covid-19, vous avez s\u00fbrement prononc\u00e9 le mot virus des dizaines de fois. Mais savez-vous \u00e0 quoi ressemble un virus ? Connaissez-vous la diff\u00e9rence entre virus et bact\u00e9ries ? Si ce sont tous les deux des microbes, leur mode de contagion est different. A l’instar des traitements dont dispose la m\u00e9decine pour lutter contre. Faisons le point. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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\"cernes<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>
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Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019un microbe ?<\/h2><\/h3><\/div>

Du grec ancien \u00ab\u00a0mikr\u00f3s\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, qui veut dire petit<\/strong>, et de \u00ab\u00a0b\u00edos\u00a0<\/em>\u00bb, signifiant vie<\/strong>, les microbes ont en commun leur petite taille. Organismes minuscules et invisibles \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153il nu, ils vivent partout\u00a0: dans l\u2019air, sur les surfaces (comme le sol, les meubles mais aussi notre peau), et aussi \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de notre organisme. Certains sont m\u00eame indispensables \u00e0 son bon fonctionnement, par exemple pour la digestion des aliments<\/strong>\u00a0: ce sont eux qui forment notre flore intestinale. Mais si leur taille microscopique les d\u00e9finit, les microbes ont tous des fonctions et des fonctionnements diff\u00e9rents. En effet, le terme microbe, cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1878 par le\u00a0chirurgien fran\u00e7ais Charles-Emmanuel S\u00e9dillot, reste assez vague, et dans le langage courant on l\u2019utilise plut\u00f4t pour parler de micro-organismes pathog\u00e8nes (c\u2019est \u00e0 dire pouvant causer des maladies). Il existe trois grandes cat\u00e9gories de microbes\u00a0<\/strong>: les virus, les bact\u00e9ries et <\/span>les champignons<\/span><\/a>. Ces derniers, qu\u2019on nomme aussi levures et sont utiles \u00e0 la fermentation, sont notamment responsables des mycoses chez l\u2019Homme. Nous allons ici nous int\u00e9resser de plus pr\u00e8s aux virus et aux bact\u00e9ries.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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\n

Besoin d’\u00eatre rassur\u00e9 rapidement ?
\nConsultez un m\u00e9decin en ligne <\/i> <\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>

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Les bact\u00e9ries, des organismes autonomes<\/h2><\/h3><\/div>

Les bact\u00e9ries sont minuscules. Dans nos intestins, on en d\u00e9nombre plus de 600 sortes et dans un seul gramme de terre, on peut en trouver un milliard<\/strong>. Organismes vivants compos\u00e9s dune seule cellule, les bact\u00e9ries sont autonomes et poss\u00e8dent leur propre m\u00e9tabolisme. Ainsi, elles peuvent se reproduire par simple division cellulaire, en deux copies identiques. De telle mani\u00e8re que, en l\u2019espace de quelques heures, une bact\u00e9rie peut passer d\u2019une seule \u00e0 un million. On entend souvent parler de bonnes et de mauvaises bact\u00e9ries<\/strong>, n\u00e9anmoins, toutes ne sont pas pathog\u00e8nes, loin de l\u00e0. La plus connue dans le corps humain porte le joli nom d\u2019Escherichia coli<\/strong><\/a>, une bact\u00e9rie qui compose 80 % de la flore intestinale des mammif\u00e8res<\/strong>. Parmi ses souches, une est pathog\u00e8ne (et dite ent\u00e9ro-h\u00e9morragique) : elle na\u00eet en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dans les mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales, et d\u00e9clenche notamment la gastro-ent\u00e9rite<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Pr\u00e9venir et soigner une infection due \u00e0 une bact\u00e9rie<\/h3><\/h3><\/div>

Les infections dues aux bact\u00e9ries sont moins contagieuses que les infections virales. Les bact\u00e9ries nocives provoquant des maladies infectieuses entrent dans notre organisme par l\u2019alimentation<\/strong> (c\u2019est l\u2019intoxication alimentaire), une plaie<\/strong>, une relation sexuelle non prot\u00e9g\u00e9e<\/strong>, mais aussi par l\u2019air que l\u2019on respire<\/strong>. Elle se reproduisent alors tr\u00e8s vite chez la personne infect\u00e9e qui pourra avoir recours \u00e0 un <\/span>traitement <\/span>sp\u00e9cifique, la plupart du temps antibiotique (chaque bact\u00e9rie demandera un antibiotique sp\u00e9cifique\u00a0: seul votre m\u00e9decin est habilit\u00e9 \u00e0 le prescrire). Toutefois, les antibiotiques ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 sur-utilis\u00e9s, ils sont devenus inefficaces sur certaines souches<\/strong>. Les scientifiques travaillent donc sur <\/span>de nouvelles alternatives contre les bact\u00e9ries pathog\u00e8nes<\/span><\/a>. Certaines personnes ont aussi recours <\/span>aux plantes<\/span><\/a>, certaines \u00e9tant des antibiotiques naturels (gingembre, ail, lavande\u2026). L\u2019id\u00e9al est de pr\u00e9venir la contamination en prot\u00e9geant son syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/strong>, en se lavant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement les mains et en se prot\u00e9geant lors de rapports sexuels avec un nouveau partenaire.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Les virus\u00a0:\u00a0 des agents infectieux qui parasitent leurs h\u00f4tes<\/h2><\/h3><\/div>

Infiniment plus petits que les bact\u00e9ries, les virus sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s par les virologues comme \u00ab \u00e0 la limite du vivant<\/em> \u00bb. Ils sont en effet acellulaires<\/strong>, et ne peuvent ni m\u00e9taboliser, ni se reproduire, sans infecter une cellule h\u00f4te. Ce n\u2019est pas pour rien qu\u2019ils portent le nom de virus, signifiant poison<\/strong> en latin. Pour se multiplier, le virus parasite les fonctions de r\u00e9plication d\u2019une cellule, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire le m\u00e9canisme de production de nouvelles mol\u00e9cules nucl\u00e9iques d\u2019ADN ou d\u2019ARN. Ils sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de maladies comme la rage, le paludisme, la grippe, la variole, le sida, l\u2019herp\u00e8s, l\u2019h\u00e9patite, la rougeole, la varicelle, la pneumonie<\/a><\/span>,<\/span> les coronavirus et r\u00e9cemment la Covid-19. La transmission d\u2019un virus<\/strong> (son mode de <\/span>contagion<\/span>) a lieu via inhalation<\/strong> (d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019importance du port du masque durant une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie), par contact sexuel<\/strong>, par ingestion<\/strong> (boire dans le verre de quelqu’un de malade, etc), ou par piq\u00fbre d\u2019insecte<\/strong>. Le traitement sera sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 chaque virus. Il faut savoir que les antibiotiques sont inefficaces sur les virus.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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Pr\u00e9venir et soigner une infection due \u00e0 un virus<\/h3><\/h3><\/div>

Pour se prot\u00e9ger des virus, il faut bien sur soigner son syst\u00e8me immunitaire. <\/strong>A savoir : faire du sport, avoir une alimentation \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e et bien dormir. Porter un masque quand n\u00e9cessaire, et un pr\u00e9servatif lors rapports sexuels avec un nouveau partenaire. On peut aussi se faire vacciner<\/strong>. Les vaccins actuels ont deux modes de fonctionnement. Le plus ancien, consiste \u00e0 injecter\u00a0une forme att\u00e9nu\u00e9e d\u2019un agent infectieux\u00a0pour pr\u00e9parer notre organisme \u00e0 le reconna\u00eetre et le combattre. Le plus r\u00e9cent, qui a fait beaucoup parler de lui pendant la pand\u00e9mie li\u00e9e au <\/span>Covid,<\/span><\/a> est le vaccin \u00e0 ARN messager. Il cr\u00e9e \u00e9galement un leurre poussant l\u2019organisme \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des anticorps. Mais celui-ci ne contient pas le virus sinon des mol\u00e9cules d\u2019ARN de celui-ci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le traitement contre un virus d\u00e9pend de la maladie qu\u2019il g\u00e9n\u00e8re<\/strong>. On ne soigne pas une grippe de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on qu\u2019une h\u00e9patite, ou qu\u2019une rougeole. Il existe des antiviraux, comme le Tamiflu pour soigner une grippe. Mais on pourra aussi d\u00e9cider de ne traiter que les sympt\u00f4mes (faire baisser la fi\u00e8vre au parac\u00e9tamol, donner un antitussif, etc). \u00c0 noter que certains m\u00e9decins peuvent prescrire des antibiotiques pour une infection virale s\u2019ils craignent une complication bact\u00e9rienne. Enfin, certaines maladies n\u2019ont \u00e0 ce jour pas de traitement. C\u2019est le cas du paludisme ou du HIV dont on peut seulement stopper la progression et les effets.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

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\"consulter<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

epuis la crise sanitaire li\u00e9e \u00e0 la Covid-19, vous avez s\u00fbrement prononc\u00e9 le mot virus des dizaines de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":31173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[575],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante-generale-medecine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVirus, bact\u00e9ries, microbes... comment lutter contre ? | Hellocare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Connaissez-vous la diff\u00e9rence entre virus et bact\u00e9ries ? Leur mode de contagion et les traitements disponibles ? 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